Résumé : In-source resonant ionization laser spectroscopy of the even-A polonium isotopes Po192-210,216,218 has been performed using the 6p37s S25 to 6p37p P25 (λ=843.38nm) transition in the polonium atom (Po-I) at the CERN ISOLDE facility. The comparison of the measured isotope shifts in Po200-210 with a previous data set allows us to test for the first time recent large-scale atomic calculations that are essential to extract the changes in the mean-square charge radius of the atomic nucleus. When going to lighter masses, a surprisingly large and early departure from sphericity is observed, which is only partly reproduced by beyond mean field calculations. © 2011 American Physical Society.