Article révisé par les pairs
Résumé : Following a request from the French sanitary authorities, we have investigated the hypothesis of a nosocomial nurse-to-patient transmission of HIV1. Taking this case as a model, we describe here the methodologies we followed (molecular phylogenetic analyses of viral and proviral nucleotide sequences) to reach reliable conclusions. Our results, integrated to the clinical context, and based on extensive analyses using multiple methodologies, allowed us to unambigously exclude one HIV-positive nurse and strongly suggest the other HIV-positive nurse as the source of infection of the patient. It is important to insist that such investigations of transmission hypotheses require a multidisciplinary approach integrating competences from virology, bio-informatics, and evolutionary genetics laboratories.