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Sedimentology, conodonts and ostracods of the Devonian - Carboniferous strata of the Anseremme railway bridge section, Dinant Basin, Belgium

par Casier, Jean-Georges ;Mamet, Bernard ;Préat, Alain ;Sandberg, Charles C.A.
Référence Bulletin - Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique. Sciences de la terre, 74, page (45-68)
Publication Publié, 2004

Article révisé par les pairs

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Résumé :

Seven major carbonate microfacies are defined in the Devonian - Carboniferous (D/C) strata (50 m) of the Anseremme railway bridge section, south of Dinant. They permit recognition of several levels encompassing the Etroeungt and Hastière formations. "Bathymetric" sequences range from open marine, below the storm wave base, to semi-restricted lagoon. This sequence records a shallowing-upward trend of the relative sea level, from environments below the storm wave base to strongly eroded supraticial pre-evaporitic environments. Faunal components (echinoderms, brachiopods...) indicate open-marine domain for the first six microfacies located within the dysphoticeuphotic zone in relatively shallow waters. The textures of the rocks (mudstones to rudstones) associated with lamination characteristics indicate the position of the storm (SWB) and the fair-weather (FWWB) wave bases. Microfacies seven suggests a semi-restricted platform with salinity fluctuations from hypersaline brines to brackish waters. Thus, the boundary of the Etroeungt/Hastière formations is marked by an abrupt drop in sea level. Carbonate micro-conglomerates recording an important erosive phase and a sedimentary hiatus. The environment is again open marine in the upper part of the Hastière Formation. Our conclusion is that the Anseremme section is not a reliable continuous succession for the study of the D/C boundary. This confirms the VAN STEENWINKEL (1988, 1993 hypothesis based on other arguments. Conodont faunas demonstrate that the Devonian sequence spans the five youngest conodont zones, but that two of these zones are not represented. The Epinette Formation is dated as the youngest part of the Middle expansa Zone. Thus, the boundary with the Late praesulcata Zone probably coincides with the sharp sedimentological change at the base of the Etroeungt Formation, which is interpreted to belong entirely to this zone. The disconformably overlying basal bed 159 of the Hastière Formation is dated as Late praesulcata Zone, with the Early and Middle praesulcata Zones unrepresented because of an hiatus or unconformity. Sparse conodont faunas suggest that only the two next-to-oldest Carboniferous duplicata and sandbergi Zones are represented in the higher part of the Hastière Formation. The oldest Carboniferous sulcata Zone and possibly part ofthe duplicata Zone are unrepresented because of an hiatus or unconformity above bed 159. Ostracods are abundant and diversified at most levels in the Anseremme railway bridge section and sixty taxa, the majority in open nomenclature, have been identified and nearly all of them are figured. The ostracod fauna is indicative of shallow-marine environments between fair-weather and storm wave bases in the Etroeungt Formation, and to shallower water conditions periodically subjected to minor salinity variations in the base of the Hastière Formation. The upper part of the Hastière Formation is marked by a sea-level rise associated with a moderate decrease of the oxygenation of bottom waters. The intra-Devonian hiatus at the Etroeungt-Hastière boundary shows no abnormal extinctions and no appearance of new taxa. Thus, the Hangenberg Event is not recognizable in the studied section. Neither the sedimentological analysis nor the palaeontological study of the Bocahut quarry in the Avesnois and of the Anseremme railway bridge section confirm the hypothesis of a highstand for the Hastière Formation.