Résumé : BackgroundTo date, kinematics data analysing continuous 3D motion of upper cervical spine (UCS) manipulation is lacking. This in vitro study aims at investigating inter- and intra-operator reliability of kinematics during high velocity low amplitude manipulation of the UCS.MethodsThree fresh specimens were used. Restricted dissection was realized to attach technical clusters to each bone (skull to C2). Motion data was obtained using an optoelectronic system during manipulation. Kinematics data were integrated into specific-subject 3D models to provide anatomical motion representation during thrust manipulation. The reliability of manipulation kinematics was assessed for three practitioners performing two sessions of three repetitions on two separate days.FindingsFor pre-manipulation positioning, average UCS ROM (SD) were 10° (5°), 22° (5°) and 14° (4°) for lateral bending, axial rotation and flexion-extension, respectively. For the impulse phase, average axial rotation magnitude ranged from 7° to 12°. Reliability analysis showed average RMS up to 8° for pre-manipulation positioning and up to 5° for the impulse phase.InterpretationAs compared to physiological ROM, this study supports the limited angular displacement during manipulation for UCS motion components, especially for axial rotation. Kinematics reliability confirms intra- and inter-operator consistency although pre-manipulation positioning reliability is slightly lower between practitioners and sessions.